TP26-22 Free Chlorine or Total Chlorine? Microbiological Activity in Cooling Systems

TP26-22 Free Chlorine or Total Chlorine? Microbiological Activity in Cooling SystemsThe Concepts of free chlorine and total chlorine are misleading and the cause of significant confusion in the water treatment industry. In this sort of paper, we would like to provide an overview of the underlying chemistry to understand the use of the terms related to the measurement and control of chlorine in a real world process.

By using the isotherms for the individual polymers and the isotherm for the blend

This scarcity of water

the performance and mechanical reliability of an Air- Cooled Condenser (ACC) is affected

The cooling water treatment program is designed to control CaCO3 scaling at Langelier Saturation Index values approaching +3

decay resistance

flow charts

during the trial

and materials/controls available to help operators understand the term "Green" as definable and measurable

Simply transitioning from a calcium phosphate to a non-P corrosion control program is relatively seamless due to the slow dissolution of the existing calcium phosphate passivation film to the new non-P passivation film

approach that optimizes both energy and water efficiency

References are made to toxic substances such as PCB's

The tower was commissioned in May 1998 and has been operated exclusively with pulsed-power units as the only water treatment