73-09: Sewage Plant Effluent as Cooling Tower Makeup -- A Case History Repair and Construction

73-09: Sewage Plant Effluent as Cooling Tower Makeup -- A Case History Repair and ConstructionTreated municipal sewage has been a source of industrial water for more than 25 years. It was first used for one through cooling and quenching sprays in a steel mill. Initial attempts to use it as cooling tower makeup ere retarded by serious operating problems caused by excessive growth of bacterial slimes, development of calcium phosphate deposits, and formation of horrendous amounts of foam until it was found that these troubles could be minimized

and areas of the towers that experience the most advanced degree of degradation

a cross section of process industry plants are reviewed in the terms of the impact of the cooling tower return temperatures on recovered products

Several useful mechanical maintenance recommendations and chemical application modifications for often problematic operations will be provided based on long term zero discharge experiences

air-cooled steam condenser (ACC)

more typically

Acoustic flowmeters have been used for both pipelines and open channel velocity/ flowrate measurement for several years

Today's trends are towards developing larger generating stations at each site

For given ambient conditions

and interface with an operational nuclear plant

and wood industry

Part I - Test Procedure: methods and instrumentation for testing mechanical draft and natural draft cooling towers

Guidance is given for use of the new method within the context of hazard analysis and control to prevent legionellosis